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mergency Water Storage And Purification
紧急情况下饮用水的储存及净化
Following are recommendations for storing and purifying water supplies.
The minimum drinking water supply is 1 gallon per person per day. You will also need water for food preparation, bathing, brushing teeth, and dish washing. Store a 3-5 day supply of water (at least 5 gallons for each person).
以下是储存及净化饮用水的推荐方法
人体每天最小的饮水量为1加仑（1加=4.56升），你在准备饮食、洗澡、刷牙、刷盘子时也需要用水，储存3-5天的量（最少每人每天5加仑的水）。
Water should be stored in sturdy plastic bottles with tight-fitting lids. Rinsed chlorine bleach bottles work well for water storage. Plastic containers for juice and milk do not work as well because they tend to crack and leak more readily. All containers should be labeled. Stored water should be changed every 6 months. Avoid placing water containers in areas where toxic substances, such as gasoline and pesticides, are present. Vapors may penetrate the plastic over time. Do not store water containers in direct sunlight. Select a place with a fairly constant, cool temperature
水应该储存在一个带有松紧适度盖子的牢固的塑料瓶内。用漂白粉冲洗彻底冲洗储水瓶。盛果汁和牛奶的塑料瓶不适于储水，因为它们易于破碎和泄露。所有的储存器都应该贴上标签。储存的水每6个月需要更换一次。避免把储水器放在有汽油、杀虫剂等有毒物质的地方，因为随着时间的推移这些有毒物质能渗透入这些塑料容器内。.
储水容器的放置不能在在阳光直射的地方，选择一个相对温度较低的恒温处。
Safe Water Sources In The Home
在舍内安全的水资源
If you do not have enough water stored, there are sources in your home that may provide safe, clean water for drinking purposes.
如果你没有足够的储存水，那么在你的家里仍旧可以找到安全、干净的饮用水。
Water drained from the water heater faucet, if the water heater has not been damaged.。
Water dipped from the tank of the toilet (not the bowl). The water in the bowl can be used for pets. Do not use water that has been chemically treated or "blue" water.
Melted ice cubes
Canned fruit, vegetable juice, and liquids from other canned goods.
Water from swimming pools and spas can be used for personal hygiene, cleaning, and related uses, but not for drinking.
如果热水器没有被损坏，它水管内的水就可以用
抽水马桶蓄水池内的水可以供人饮用，马桶内的水可以给宠物喝，但是千万别用药物处理过的水和化工用水。.
融化的冰块也可以饮用。
罐装水果、蔬菜汁和其他灌装食物用水。游泳池和浴缸的水可以用来洗澡等，但是不能饮用。
Unsafe Water Sources
Never use water from the sources listed below for drinking.
Radiators
Hot water boilers (home heating system)）
Water beds (fungicides added to the water or chemicals in the vinyl may make water unsafe for use)
NOTE: Remember that carbonated beverages do not meet drinking water requirements. Caffeinated drinks and alcohol dehydrate the body, which increases the need for drinking water.
不安全的水资源
下面的这些水资源绝对不能用来饮用。
空调内水
锅炉水（家用取暖设备
水床里的水（水里有杀虫剂、乙烯树脂内也有化学药品，这些都使水不能饮用）注意：记住碳酸盐饮料不能达到饮用水的标准。含有咖啡因和酒精的饮料可使人体脱水，会导致饮水需要量的增加。
Water for Drinking and Cooking
Safe drinking water includes bottled, boiled, or treated water. Your state, local, or tribal health department can make specific recommendations for boiling or treating drinking water in your area.
饮用水和烹调用水
安全的饮用水包括瓶装水、沸水、净水。州、地方或部落的卫生部门可以在当地特别推荐煮沸的水或消毒过水。
Here are some general rules concerning water for drinking and cooking. Remember:
Do not use contaminated water to wash dishes, brush your teeth, wash and prepare food, or make ice. If you use bottled water, make sure the seal has not been broken. Otherwise, water should be boiled or treated before use. Drink only bottled, boiled, or treated water until your supply is tested and found safe.
下面使关于饮用和煮饭用水的一些普遍规则。记住：不要用污水洗盘子、刷牙、洗食物、煮饭或制冰。如果食用瓶装水，确信瓶子是密封好的，否则应该饮用烧开或化学处理过的水。在你确信所提供的水被检测是安全的之前只喝瓶装、烧开或化学处理过的水。
Boiling water kills harmful bacteria and parasites. Bringing water to a rolling boil for 1 minute will kill most organisms.
If you can't boil water, you can treat water with chlorine tablets, iodine tablets, or unscented household chlorine bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite).
If you use chlorine tablets or iodine tablets, follow the directions that come with the tablets.
把水烧可开杀死有毒的细菌和寄生虫。煮沸的开水一分钟就能杀死大多数有机物。如果你不能烧开水，可以用氯化物片（消毒片）、碘片、或无味的氯化物漂洗剂（5.25%次氯酸钠）消毒处理水。
如果你使用氯化物片（消毒片）或碘片处理水，要依照该片剂的说明书。
If you use household chlorine bleach, add 1/8 teaspoon (~0.75 milliliter [mL]) of bleach per gallon of water if the water is clear. For cloudy water, add 1/4 teaspoon (~1.50 mL) of bleach per gallon. Mix the solution thoroughly and let it stand for about 30 minutes before using it.
Treating water with chlorine tablets, iodine tablets, or liquid bleach will not kill many parasitic organisms. Boiling is the best way to kill these organisms.
如果你使用家用漂白粉消毒，每加仑干净水加1/8茶匙（约0.75毫升）漂白粉，对于浑浊的水，每加仑干净水加1/4茶匙（约1.5毫升）漂白粉。混匀溶液并在使用前静置30分钟。使用含氯药片、碘片或液体消毒剂水对水进行消毒处理不能杀死大多寄生的有机物，对水进行烧开处理是杀死这些有机物的最好办法。
Containers for water should be rinsed with a bleach solution before using and reusing.
Use water storage tanks and other types of containers with caution. For example, fire truck storage tanks, as well as previously used cans or bottles, can be contaminated with microbes or chemicals.
用于存储水的容器在使用前和再次使用时均需用漂白粉冲洗消毒。使用水储存罐和其它类型的储存器需要小心.例如，消防车的储水罐就像其它前面提到过的存水器一样也是可能被微生物或有毒物质污染。
Emergency Food
Keep foods that:
have a long storage life
require little or no cooking, water, or refrigeration, in case utilities are disrupted，meet the needs of babies or other family members who are on special diets meet pets' needs are not very salty or spicy, as these foods increase the need for drinking water, which may be in short supply急救食物
保存食物如下：
有长的保质期。
只需很少或不加热，用水量少或者不需解冻，在这种情况下实用性原则被抛弃，满足婴儿的食物及有特殊要求的家庭成员需奥。对宠物的的食物要尽量少的盐和调料。因为这些摄食东西需要更多的水，而在紧急情况下是短缺的。
How To Store Emergency Food
A disaster can easily disrupt the food supply at any time, so plan to have at least a 3-day supply of food on hand. When storing food, it is not necessary to buy dehydrated or other types of emergency food. Canned foods and dry mixes will remain fresh for about 2 years.
怎样保存急救食物
一场灾难能够轻易的阻断食物的供给，所以至少要计划3天的食物供给。当储存食物时，不必要卖脱水的或其它类型的紧急食物。灌装食物和无水处理过的食物保鲜期大概2年。
Certain storage conditions can enhance the shelf life of canned or dried foods. The ideal location is a cool, dry, dark place. The best temperature is 40 to 60°F. Keep foods away from ranges or refrigerator exhausts. Heat causes many foods to spoil more quickly.
一些特定的保存条件可以提高灌装或无水食物的保值期，理想的保存点是凉爽、干燥、黑暗的地方。最适温度是华氏40到60°。使食物排列开（便于散热）或放入冰箱。高温使很多食物腐坏得更快。
Keep food away from petroleum products, such as gasoline, oil, paints, and solvents. Some food products absorb their smell.
Protect food from rodents and insects. Items stored in boxes or in paper cartons will keep longer if they are heavily wrapped or stored in airtight containers.
食物远离石油化工产品，如汽油、柴油、颜料和有机溶剂，一些食物吸收它们的味道。
保护食物免受啮齿类动物和昆虫的啃食。保存在盒子里或纸箱子里的食物如果包扎得牢固或在密封袋子里将会保存得更久。
Date all food items. Use and replace food before it loses freshness.
給所有食物打上日期，食用保鲜期内食物并及时替换过期食物
How To Use Emergency Food
Use perishable food in your refrigerator or freezer before using food in your emergency supplies.
Discard cooked, unrefrigerated foods after 2 hours at room temperature, regardless of appearance.
Eat only foods that have a normal color, texture, and odor.。
Discard cans that bulge at the ends or that are leaking.
怎样食用应急食品
在食用应急食物前先食用在冰箱内易腐食品和冷冻的食品。
不论它的外表看着怎样，抛弃在室温下放置超过2小时煮熟的未冻的食物。只食用那些看着组织结构、颜色正常及无异味的食物。抛弃那些底部膨胀及渗漏的罐头。
Preparing Food
Preparing food after an earthquake may be complicated by damage to your home and loss of electricity, gas, and water. The following items will help you to prepare meals safely:
Cooking utensils
Knives, forks, and spoons
Paper plates, cups, and towels
A manual can- and bottle-opener
Heavy-duty aluminum foil
烹饪食物
当地震后你的房子损坏并且没有了电、天然气及水时，煮食物是件非常复杂的事。以下的注意事项将能帮助你安全的煮食物。
烹饪炊具
刀、叉和勺子
纸盘子、杯子和毛巾
一个手工的开罐头和瓶子的开瓶器
大容积的铝锅
Gas or charcoal grill; camp stove
Fuel for cooking, such as charcoal. (CAUTION: Never burn charcoal indoors. The fumes are deadly when concentrated indoors.)）
NOTE:
Do not use your fireplace for cooking until the chimney has been inspected for cracks and damage. Sparks may escape into your attic through an undetected crack and start a fire.
煤气或使用木炭的烧烤架及手提式油炉
燃料是为了烹饪用，如木炭。（注意：别在室内燃烧木炭。在室内燃烧木炭所致的烟尘是致命的。
注意，在未检查烟囱是否破裂和损坏前不能用你家的壁炉煮饭，火星可能从一个未被发现的裂缝逸出并导致火灾。
上一篇:[转载dxy全文翻译]降低地震灾害后即刻死亡率的灾害应对医疗措施（综述文献）下一篇:救援一线发现首例传染病 目前没有传播
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发表于 2008-5-18 20:24:00
发表于 2008-5-18 20:24:01
