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发表于 2008-5-14 16:54:10
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.Management of Persons with Infectious Diseases in Evacuation Centers
疏散中心内传染病人的管理
The arrival of evacuees who may have open wounds, symptomatic infections, and unrecognized or incubating infectious diseases, combined with potential for crowding and limited sanitary infrastructure, increases the risk of infections spreading among residents and between residents and staff. In particular, respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases and skin infections or infestations are prone to spread under these conditions. Before entering an evacuation center, all residents should be screened for the following conditions:
到来的被疏散人员可能有开放的伤口，有症状的感染，以及尚未确认或处于潜伏期的传染病，结合潜在的拥挤和有限的卫生设施，增加了感染在居留的人群之间以及居留者和工作人员之间的扩散，特别是呼吸道感染，腹泻疾病和皮肤感染都很容易在这样的情况下传播。进入疏散中心之前，所有居留者应就以下情况进行筛查。
Fever
Cough
Skin rash or sores
Open wounds
Vomiting
Diarrhea
发热
咳嗽
皮疹或皮肤疼痛
开放伤口
呕吐
腹泻
Persons with any of the above conditions should be admitted to the evacuation center only after appropriate medical evaluation and care. Residents of the center should be instructed to report any of the above conditions to the center staff. If a potentially infectious condition is identified in a person already residing at the evacuation center, the ill individual(s) should be separated from other residents or transferred to a special needs evacuation center (see below).
任何具有上述症状之一者应被限制进入疏散中心，只有在适当的医疗评估和治疗后才能进入，中心的居留者应被告知向工作人员报告是否存在上述情况，如果潜在的感染状况被确定，感染者应与其他居留者隔离或转移道特别的疏散中心（见后）。
A separate area or room should be identified in advance to be used to house potentially infectious residents awaiting evaluation or transfer. If several residents with similar symptoms are identified, they may be housed together in one area. However, cots should still be separated by at least 3 feet. A dedicated restroom should be identified if possible and reserved for use of the ill individuals only. More than one separate area may be needed if more than one illness is identified in the population, e.g., an area for people with diarrhea, and another area for people with a cough and fever. Such separate areas will need to have extra staff members dedicated to monitoring people housed there and ensuring that the area is kept clean and appropriately supplied.
应事先确定一个隔离区或房子作为潜在感染居留者等待评估或转移。如果几个有类似症状的居留者被确定，应安置在相同的区域。然而，房屋之间的距离仍应至少为3尺。如果可能，应确定一个好的洗手间只供给病人使用。如果人群中确定有多于一种疾病，应需要多于一间隔离房。例如，一个区域供腹泻病人，另外的区域供咳嗽和发热病人使用。这样的隔离区域将需要更多的工作人员来查看房间内的病人并保证这些区域保持清洁和适当的物品供应。
Staff members with any of the above symptoms should not work in the evacuation center, but should seek medical evaluation for assessment and clearance prior to returning to work. Staff members working with residents who have symptoms of illness should use Standard Precautions (defined below) for any interactions that require potential contact with body fluids, and should place particular emphasis on hand hygiene.
有上述任何症状之一的工作人员不应在疏散中心内工作，但应寻求医疗评估并在恢复工作之前确定（能工作）。照顾有症状的居留者的工作人员应在需要接触体液的操作时采取标准预防（定义见后）的措施并且应该特别强调手卫生。
Each evacuation center should have a clear plan for transferring individuals with potentially communicable diseases from the evacuation center to an appropriate healthcare facility. This includes plans for having ill individuals with respiratory symptoms wear a paper mask while awaiting evaluation or transfer. A waiting area should be designated that is separate from the main center living areas, but which can be closely monitored by center staff. A system for identifying and notifying the receiving facility must be in place.
每个疏散中心应有为从疏散中心转移具有潜在传染病人到医疗机构的清洁计划，这包括具有呼吸道症状的病人在等待评估或转移时佩戴纸口罩。应该指定一个地方作为等待区，这个区域应与主要的中心生活区分开，但又要能够得到中心工作人员的严密照看。要有确定和通知接收机构的系统。
不当之处，敬请指正！
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